“Berlin." Encyclopedia of German Literature. London: Routledge, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. 28 September 2013.
"Brandenburg Gate." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012. Credo Reference. Web. 27 September 2013.
Ladd, Brian. The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape. Chicago. University of Chicago. 1997. Print.
Puryear, Eric Crawford. Fluid Meanings and Values of Historic Monuments: The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. May 26. 1995. Print.
"SCHADOW, JOHANN GOTTFRIED 1764-1850." Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850. London: Routledge, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 26 September 2013.
Watson, Peter. The German Genius. New York. HarperCollins. 2010. Print.